{"id":9269,"date":"2013-05-28T19:37:58","date_gmt":"2013-05-28T17:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.2mecs.de\/wp\/?p=9269"},"modified":"2025-01-26T13:00:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T12:00:29","slug":"erfindung-safer-sex-1983-how-to-have-sex-in-an-epidemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.2mecs.de\/wp\/2013\/05\/erfindung-safer-sex-1983-how-to-have-sex-in-an-epidemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Erfindung des safer sex : Mai 1983 \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Im Mai 1983 erschien die erste Brosch\u00fcre, in der das HIV-Risiko vermindernde Sex-Verhaltensweisen f\u00fcr Schwule bejahend propagiert wurden – die Erfindung des safer sex :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 Jahre safer sex \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic – die erste safer sex -Brosch\u00fcre\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Im Mai 2013 j\u00e4hrt sich nicht nur die erstmalige Beschreibung von HIV als Erreger von HIV, sondern auch „die Erfindung von safer Sex“, die erstmalige Darstellung von ’safer sex‘ in einer Brosch\u00fcre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 20. Mai 1983 ver\u00f6ffentlicht Luc Montagniers Arbeitsgruppe ein Bild des neuen Erregers in der Zeitschrift \u201cScience\u201d. Und nahezu zeitgleich (und kurz nach Larry Kramers Wut-Rede \u201e1,112 and counting\u201c vom 14. M\u00e4rz 1983<\/a>) erschien in den USA die Brosch\u00fcre „How to have sex in an epidemic<\/em>“ (Wie kann man Sex haben in Zeiten einer Epidemie?).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den USA ver\u00f6ffentlichen der New Yorker Arzt Joseph Sonnabend (1933 – 2021) und zwei seiner Patienten, der 1993 verstorbene Schriftsteller und Musiker Michael Callen<\/a> und Richard Berkowitz (portraitiert in dem Dokumentarfilm \u2018Sex positive<\/em>\u2019)<\/a>, eine der ersten umfassenderen Aufkl\u00e4rungsschriften: \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"30<\/a>
30 Jahre safer sex : How to Have Sex in an Epidemic (Berkowitz Callen Sonnabend 1983, Cover)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHow to have sex in an epidemic: one approach<\/em>\u201d war die erste Sex bejahende Anleitung f\u00fcr risikomindernde Praktiken f\u00fcr schwule M\u00e4nner. Sonnabend, Berkowitz und Callen propagieren darin u.a. als eine der ersten \u2018Safer Sex\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSex doesn\u2019t make you sick \u2013 diseases do\u2026 Once you understand how diseases are transmitted, you can begin to explore medically safe sex.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Ratgeber stand damit damals im Gegensatz zu den Vorschriften, die \u00c4rzte Schwulen zu machen versuchten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die 40 Seiten umfassende Brosch\u00fcre erschien erstmals im Mai 1983 in einer Start-Auflage von 5.000 Exemplaren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bereits zuvor, im November 1982, hatten Callen und Berkowitz (gemeinsam mit Richard Dworkin) unter dem Titel \u201cWe know who we are: Two Gay Men Declare War on Promiscuity<\/em>\u201d [2] einen Text im New York Native<\/em> ver\u00f6ffentlicht, ein Vorl\u00e4ufer ihrer safer sex Brosch\u00fcre und geradezu eine Manifest gegen Promiskuit\u00e4t (die sie nicht als unmoralisch, sondern als „ganz simpel gef\u00e4hrlich<\/em>“ bezeichneten:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Diejenigen unter uns, die ein Leben exzessiver Promiskuit\u00e4t gelebt haben im schwulen Grossstadt-Zirkus zwischen Saunen, Darkrooms, Sexclubs und Cruisingbars wissen wer wir sind … Die Promisken unter uns sa\u00dfen bisher w\u00e4hrend dieser Epidemie eher schweigend am Rand, und durch unser Schweuigen haben wir stillschweigend Spekulationen um einen neuen, mutierten Andromeda-Virus bef\u00f6rdert. Wir schwiegen, weil wir nicht willens waren die Verantwortung zu \u00fcbernehmen f\u00fcr die Rolle, die unser ausschweifendes leben in der gegenw\u00e4rtigen Gesundheitskrise spielt. Aber tief in unserem inneren wissen wir, wer wir sind, und warum wir krank sind.<\/em>“ [[2], \u00dcbersetzung UW]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sie zeigten sich damit damals als Vertreter der \u2018multifaktoriellen Hypothese\u2019 zum Entstehen von Aids. Die \u2018single factor theory\u2019 setzte sich letztlich mit dem Entfdecken von HIV und der Erkenntnis, dass HIV die Ursache von Aids ist durch \u2013 doch Berkowitz ist sich noch heute sicher, dass es nur den Anh\u00e4ngern der Multi-Faktoren-Theorie m\u00f6glich war. das Konzept des safer sex zu entwickeln:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSafe sex was never \u2013 and could never \u2013 have been proposed in the terrifying early years by those who believed that if you had one broken condom you were dead. It was therefore left to the multifactorialists to invent safe sex.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine weitere, ebenfalls zu dieser Zeit erschienene Brosch\u00fcre, gilt ebenfalls als weiterer \u2018Urvater\u2019 des Safer Sex Konzepts: das Flugblatt \u2018Play Fair!\u2019 der Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence San Francisco (unter Leitung der ausgebildeten Krankenpfleger Sr. Florence Nightmare und Sr. Roz Erection).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/strong> Richard Berkowitz, Michael Callen: How to Have Sex in an Epidemic: One Approach
\n[2]<\/strong> Richard Berkowitz, Michael Callen, Richard Dworkin: \u201cWe know who we are: Two Gay Men Declare War on Promiscuity\u201d New York Native, November 8\u201421, 1982
\nMichael H. Merson, Jeffrey O\u2019Malley, David Serwadda, Chantawipa Apisuk: „The history and challenge of HIV prevention“ The Lancet. online, 6. August 2007 (pdf)
\nHuffington Post 06.02.2013: Saving Safe Sex: An Interview With Richard Berkowitz<\/a>
\nInternational gay & Lesbian Review 2003: Stayin\u2019 Alive: The Invention of Safe Sex
\nSisters of Perpetual Indulgence: Play Fair! (1982)
\n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Im Mai 1983 erschien die erste Brosch\u00fcre, in der das HIV-Risiko vermindernde Sex-Verhaltensweisen f\u00fcr Schwule bejahend propagiert wurden – die Erfindung des safer sex : 30 Jahre safer sex \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic – die erste safer sex -Brosch\u00fcre\u201c Im Mai 2013 j\u00e4hrt sich nicht nur die erstmalige Beschreibung von HIV als […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[172,37,828],"class_list":["post-9269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hivaids","tag-pravention","tag-sex","tag-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nErfindung safer sex 1983 \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic\u201c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Erfindung safer sex Mai 1983 erste Brosch\u00fcre \u201cHow to Have Sex in an Epidemic\u201c HIV Aids 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